|
The Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines was a project to build a twin pipeline from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia. The eastbound pipeline would import natural gas condensate and the westbound pipeline would export diluted bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands to the marine terminal in Kitimat for transportation to the Asian markets by oil tankers. The project would also include terminal facilities with "integrated marine infrastructure at tidewater to accommodate loading and unloading of oil and condensate tankers, and marine transportation of oil and condensate."〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Piping Up Against Enbridge: Nature Canada Signs Letter of Protest )〕 The $CDN 7.9 billion〔 project was proposed in mid-2000s and has been postponed several times. The project would be developed by Enbridge, Inc., a Canadian crude oil and liquids pipeline and storage company. Enbridge claims that the pipeline and terminal, if completed, would provide 104 permanent operating positions created within the company and 113 positions with the associated marine services.〔("Benefits for Canadians" )〕 First Nations groups, many municipalities, including the Union of BC Municipalities, environmentalists and oil sands opponents, among others, denounce the project because of the environmental, economic, social and cultural risks posed by the pipeline. Proponents argue the pipeline would instead provide aboriginal groups with equity ownership, training, employment, Community Trust and stewardship programs. The proposal has been heavily criticized by native groups.〔 〕 Groups like the Yinka Dene Alliance have been organized to campaign against the project. In December 2010, 66 First Nations bands in British Columbia, including many along the proposed pipeline route, signed the Save The Fraser Declaration in opposition to the project, and 40 more have signed up in support since that time.〔 〕 The proposal is also opposed by numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs), citing previous spills 〔 〕 and concerns over oil sands expansion and the associated risks in transportation. By 2015, 26 of 45 have signed up in support of the Northern Gateway.〔 In June 2014 the Northern Gateway pipeline project was approved by the federal government, subject to 209 conditions. The CBC questioned the silence concerning the Northern Gateway since then and suggested that Enbridge might have quietly shelved the project.〔 ==History== The project was proposed in the mid-2000s and has been postponed several times. It was announced in 2006. Enbridge signed a cooperation agreement with PetroChina in 2005 to ensure the utilization of pipeline capacity.〔 〕 PetroChina agreed to buy about transported through the pipeline. In 2007, however, PetroChina withdrew from the projects because of delays in starting the project.〔 〕 On December 4, 2009, Canada's National Energy Board (NEB) and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) issued the Joint Review Panel Agreement and the terms of reference for the environmental and regulatory review of the Northern Gateway Pipelines.〔 〕 Enbridge Northern Gateway submitted its project application to the National Energy Board on May 27, 2010. The eight-volume regulatory application will be assessed by a Joint Review Panel (JRP) established by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) and the National Energy Board (NEB).〔 〕 On January 19, 2011, the JRP requested that Enbridge provide additional information on the design and risk assessment of the pipelines due to the difficult access and unique geographic location of the proposed project.〔 〕 On June 17, 2014 the Canadian government accepted the project's proposal. It confirmed 209 issues, identified in 2013 by a Joint Review Panel, to be resolved during the next phase of the regulatory process. Among them are necessary consultations with First Nations.〔 〕 Opponents say that the 'conditions' were essentially written by Enbridge through a flawed and biased process which ultimately gave little consideration to the concerns of the vast majority of people who appeared before the panel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|